Classification of Computers - 1029 Words

Classifications of Computers According to the U.S. Census Forty-four million households, or 42 percent, had at least one member who used the Internet at home in 2000 (Home Computers 2). Today, no doubt, even more family members in the United States use computers. Most people are aware of the desktop computers which can be found in the home and in the workplace. What are the different types of computers and what are their purposes? Computers can be classified into three different categories of home computers, portable computers, and business computers including workstations and super computers. First, what is a computer? While the term computer can apply to virtually any device that has a microprocessor in it, most people think of†¦show more content†¦The fact that it is a portable computer designed to use anywhere makes the laptop a favorite of many people. The next classification of computers is called the office computers such as workstations or supercomputers. What is the difference between a workst ation and desktop computers? A desktop computer that has a more powerful processor, additional memory and enhanced capabilities for performing a special group of task, such as 3D Graphics or game development (What are the Different p. 6). Another computer under this classification is the server or networks. A computer that has been optimized to provide services to other computers over a network. Servers usually have powerful processors, lots of memory and large hard drives (What are the Differences p. 7). Networks combine several computers in an office or building space. Also, under the classification of business computer is the supercomputer. This type of computer is more expensive than any of the others with it often costing millions of dollars. Although some supercomputers are single computer systems, most are comprised of multiple high performance computers working in parallel as a single system (What are the differences 10). Supercomputers usually are used to predict weather, handle bank accounts, or insurance details. Three classifications of computers are home computers, portable computers, and business computers. The desktop computer is usually found in homes or small offices. Portable computersShow MoreRelatedClassification of Computer Users1170 Words   |  5 PagesJanuary 9th, 2012 Classification of Computer Users The sound of the keyboard typing away and the clicking of the mouse throughout the night has become a normal occurrence in  every  American household.  Staying up until two or three in the morning browsing the web has become a characteristic of many computer users today.  Since the personal computer has been invented life, work, and pleasure have changed drastically.  With the creation of the internet, the possibilities with computers are all but endlessRead MoreClassification Essay: Computer Users1146 Words   |  5 PagesWe all have at least one person in our life that is crazy about computers†¦ the sound of the keyboard typing away throughout all hours of the night. With the advanced technology society has brought us, it is a normal occurrence in your typical household. 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Marxism as an Alternative theory Free Essays

string(132) " social structure in terms of non-owning workers and non-working owners that was the root cause of every social and political evil\." The contrasting social divide of 19th century Europe was one of the principle-instigating factor that inspired Karl Marx and Frederick Engels to come with Communist Manifesto in 1848. It called upon the working classes to declare war upon the bourgeoisie. In the opinion of Marx, capitalism with its inherent tendency to favor property accumulation, market system and wage labor system had always worked in promoting the clout and wealth of aristocracy while working to weaken the peasants class and sending them to the levels of subservience and just subsistence (Freedman, 1990, 1). We will write a custom essay sample on Marxism as an Alternative theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The philosophy was a major intellectual achievement of Marxism as it described the ills and problems affecting the society not in terms of faulty ideology and philosophy but in the   terms of economic forces of capitalist development (Aune, 1994, 17). As Freedman (1990, 2) states, Marx viewed the major conflicts and events of world not as consequences of ethnic, lingual or religious factors but purely through economic perspectives. He argued that capitalism and its resultant class system have been the main instrumental factors in creating the present structure of human society and behavior.   Marxism attempts to correlate the entire progress and evolution of human civilization with Marx’s staunch view that economic factors have determined the history of humanity. It attempts to understand the origin, functioning and structure of all the social institutions on economic models and assumes that once this knowledge is gained, it can be employed to recreate the social order that is beneficial for every member of society, while eliminating the ills of poverty, inequality and class distinctions (ibid). Marxism also views state (government) as an instrument of the ruling class that works to protect the interests of the economically prosperous segments at the cost of the working population (Freedman, 1990, 2). The premises of this argument lies in the fact that typically every state is influenced heavily by the rich and wealthy section of society and as such its policies are inherently oriented towards safeguarding these affluent sections. The working-lower class is just treated as a tool to further the riches of this affluent section, while providing them with bare facilities that are hardly sufficient to maintain their existence. School and churches are also viewed as extending arms of the same system that continuously works to maintain, and in fact, promote the social divide. Thus nation and state are essentially nothing but exploiters of working population. As a consequence, terms like patriotism and nationalism hold no meaning to the oppressed working society, which is made to work not the for the benefit of the nation but for the few and selected elite group of people that in their limited numbers represent an entire nation. A careful study of Marxism reveals following three major elements that define the structure of the world of Marx (Heilbroner, 1980, 21). Materialist approach to History: The historical analysis of activities of people’s activities that creates conditions of subsequent class emergence and struggle of present times. General view of capitalism: Capitalism, and the economic forces that are the root of entire social divide Commitment to socialism: It envisions a future where every man is able to create a just world through his own efforts and commitment. Marxism, in its zealous criticism of the capitalist system, pronounced the immanent end through of capitalistic society through t its own contradictions and an eventual sweep over of the world by socialist forces. However capitalism has survived and contrary to Marx’s vision, it has become mainstay of democratic and developed world, whereas Marxism holds it appeal for the poor and oppressed classes in underdeveloped countries (Freedman, 1990, 2) Mainstream Political theories The mainstream political theories have evolved from Machiavellian concepts to one that is focused on a welfare state that is founded around the concepts of participative democracy and social justice (Young, 1998, 479). As listed by Young (ibid) the mainstream political theories, developed consciously over last 25 years, although with inputs spanning over past hundred and fifty years, are Social justice and welfare rights theory: Unlike Marxist theory of handing over the reins of government to workers, the social justice and welfare rights theory attempts to strike a cord of balance among different economic classes with their commitment to social equality and economic justice. One of major themes running through this theory is egalitarian distribution of resources to people who have been deprived of them, it doesn’t attempts forced equality among all classes of society.   Democratic theory: Also labeled as participative democratic theory, it lays emphasis on a concept of democracy that proceeds through age long ideals of democracy that proceed through active discussion, participation and decision making by citizen, against the emerging plebiscite and inter-group pluralist concepts of the democratic mode (Pateman, 1970). The theory aims to achieve the goal of social equality through democratic participation that both helps as well as promotes social equality. The thrust of the theory is that a democracy that only provides voting rights to people for representatives who rule them remotely lacks the element of a real democracy. Instead the democratic set up should be made to incorporate citizen’s participation at every stage of the governance and decision making process. This in turns demands providing all the citizens with sufficient levels of education and economic and social uplifting whereby they are able to appreciate and exercise their d emocratic rights. Feminist political theory: It is a major emergent trend in the mainstream political theories, and one that brings in the question of female participation, as a separate entity, in the working of democracy. It helps in to integrate the elements of family relations, sexual biases, and gendered related discrimination in the political question. Marxism as an alternative theory As noted above, the essential philosophy Marxism lies in defining all the historical and social events in terms of manipulation of resources by capitalist forces that worked in depriving a majority of population from basic means of living. Marxist approach viewed social structure in terms of non-owning workers and non-working owners that was the root cause of every social and political evil. You read "Marxism as an Alternative theory" in category "Essay examples" Marx defined all the events in form of ‘class struggle’ and placed supreme faith in human will (Freedman, 1990, 6). Marxism views human beings capable of molding their own destinies, creating their own world, and change the entire structure of a oppressive society to one where every one holds same dignity and right to a provisioned life. However its more than hundred years to Marx’s momentous work Das Capital that predicted downfall of bourgeois and capitalist system, an event which completely failed to materialize (Wolfe, 1985, 317). It points out to some considerable short sighting or inappropriate reading by Marx of the nature of interaction of social and economic forces. Marx, in predicting the immanent downfall of the existing capitalist system through popular revolution and protests by bourgeoisie, had given a sweeping and generalizing theory that was supposed to take into every possible factor and consequence of historical, social and human events. The theories of Ricardo, Hegel and Smith that Marx used to develop his own general explanation of all events were relatively semi –developed and in the transitory phase (Freedman, 1990, 126) and as could provide a very weak base to the daring presumptions and foresights that Marxism professed boldly. The theory failed to take into account the results of people’s will to act outside the boundaries that it imposed. It was, in a sense then, technically incapable to address issues emanating from this scenario, a flaw that later on emerged as a major shortcoming of the entire Marxist model. Marxism always stands in direct contrast to critical theory that was developed by Max Horkheimer in 1937 (Therborn, 1996). It was mean to be a critique of the theory of political economy and provide replacement of materialism embedded in the Marxist approach (ibid). Critical theory rejected the principles of division of labor and believes in social advances through meaningful and coordinated interaction among various classes, as against the Marxist approach of inherent and inevitable class struggle that has shaped up history Historical Materialism In the Marxist philosophical approach, history is a study in the development and evolution of the capitalist system. In the opinion of Marx the consciousness of a man is the product of his social being which defines the legal and political superstructures (Heilbroner, 1980, 62). The materialism of Marxism differed sharply from idealism contained in the other approaches that saw history as product of different beliefs and approaches. Marx clearly stated that history is the product of labor, efforts and determination of countless men and women who worked to improve their material conditions in a material environment. Primarily what it signifies is that entire history of world is composed of forces of economics and compulsions of existence through limited resources. The thought processes and ideas that have been assumed to shape history, in Marxist ideology, were themselves product of the materialistic conditions (Heilbroner, 1980, 63). Marxism further takes the concept of materialism and intertwines it with class structure to lay the foundation of theory of class struggle that is presented as a direct consequence of material forces in operation. Although the historical materialistic view point of Marxist philosophy had been validated in defining some of the major events of history, however its broad generalization of economic activities has brought it under criticism from many theorists. Whereas Marxist ideology attempts to focus not primarily but only on economic factors, it has been perceived that even economic factors themselves are affected by social, political and religious factors (Heilbroner, 1980, 64). Marxism in context of USA As a political and social theory Marxism has traditionally failed materialize in the USA. This is because the socialist theory of Marxism conflicts with the principles and ideals of democracy. Although it is true that true socialism as envisioned by Marx was never practiced anywhere, but the fact remains that within the scope of political models of Marxism there are ample opportunities for a political system to become authoritarian, culminating in kind of dictatorship that was hallmark of socialist USSR government (Geras, 1994). This is to say, the socialist structure proposed by Marxism is seriously vulnerable to deformation by individuals with such designs. However, within the framework of classical Marxism also democratic ideas have not found much support. Essentially Marxism advocates liberation and rule of workers, which has to occur independent of any form of government (ibid). Therefore it is indeed successful in outlining the process of social and political change but falters on the final form of governance that opens the doors for ambiguity, deformation and misinterpretation. This severely limits the democratic angle of Marxism. Further, with its sole emphasis on workers right and class struggle between proletariat and the bourgeois, Marxist ideology aims to create a society that lacks economic incentives to evolve and move ahead. In its aim to bring marginalized sections of society in the center, the model threatens to create a new section of marginalized. These inherent ideological differences with free, democratic and progressive ideals that USA has cherished since its independence define the incongruity of Marxism in the USA’s political, social and economic atmosphere. Reference Aune JA ,1994,   Rhetoric and Marxis, Westview Press, Boulder, CO Freedman, R, 1990, The Marxist System: Economic, Political, and Social Perspectives.Chatham House Publishers, Chatham, NJ. Heilbroner, RL, 1980,   Marxism, for and Against,W. W. Norton. New York. Young, IM,   1998, A New Handbook of Political Science. Edit, Robert E. Goodin – editor, Hans-Dieter Klingeman, Oxford University Press. Oxford. Geras, N. 1994. Democracy and the Ends of Marxism. New Left Review Volume: a. Issue: 203. PATEMAN, C. 1970. Participation and Democratic Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Wolfe, BD,1985,   Marxism, One Hundred Years in the Life of a Doctrine. Westview Boulder, CO. Therborn, G, Dialectics of Modernity, 1996, On Critical Theory and the Legacy of Twentieth-Century Marxism, New Left Review. Volume: a. Issue: 215. How to cite Marxism as an Alternative theory, Essay examples

What Is the Most Defining Moment free essay sample

What Is the Most Defining Moment That Impacted Your Decision to Become a Nurse What is the most defining moment that impacted your decision to become a nurse? As many of my peers might agree the decision process to pursue a nursing education was more of a Journey than one bite spark of a single moment in time. Looking reflectively through this magnifying glass of time, I see many points of lights that lent clarity too my decision cuttings stone moment.I use these words with purpose in hat I personally experience a redefining process most easily related to a tool used to sharpen dull blades. The fire that is yield during the process creates a magnificent precise piercing instrument, from that which was once too easily discharged. I have struggle with low self-esteem issue for the most of my 44 years of life. I share this not for any plea of attention but as simple explanation to my lack of desire to attend a very demanding educational process that will require me to be very sure of my actions and judgment calls. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Most Defining Moment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Up-until this period in my life, it was easy to follow than to learn to take charge. The role seems ill fitted for me, funny how life changes us. I have never before consider myself lacking In understanding or ability, I have always enjoyed a great sense of pride In the level of care I provide for my patients and the love and income I provided for my children. I have worked in healthcare since 1989 in one position or another as an aide. I found I could make okay income with overtime paid and could work the hours I desired by being Just a hard worker. This allowed me to raise my small children with my mothers help. Being her only child my mother was well okay with this as long as I did all that I could to pull my weight as the saying 1 OFF at home, with service form home healthcare nurses and doctors. The time scattering moment was when I was faced with my lack of knowledge of my mother disease process fuel maybe by guilt or Just simply inability to effect any change for her. She was my strength in so many ways. Here in that moment I stood lacking.I am not owlish enough to believe my actions now can effect a change for how I view that life event; however my security blanket has been pulled off forever. I without question understand healthcare better than I know any other work experience and more over I truly have always enjoyed providing good and competent care for others. Its Just now I need to continue with a better knowledge base, so I can be really effective. I understand that there is only so much that truly can be done but I prefer to know that my actions are correct as they can be.Acts of kindness are what easy a person in times of major health issues, however acts of kindness are Just that. As a CAN I am lacking the ability make any real effect for my patients dealing with different disease processes and I am in full understanding of my current scope of practice. I really now need and want more than acts of kindness for myself as well as my future patients. I have worked healthcare for so long it become a part of my life, more like extend family I will enjoy the ability to provide better for all parts of my family.

A Day in the Woods Turkey Hunting Essay Example For Students

A Day in the Woods Turkey Hunting Essay Beep! Beep! Beep! The alarm loudly jolts me out of my dreams and I knock the repeating racket off the nightstand. Rubbing my eyes, still heavy from slumber, the trek outside and to put on my camouflage gear begins when I remind myself, â€Å"Don’t forget the turkey vest. † After gathering the necessary shells, guns, and calls, I start the truck, close the door, and plug in my phone in an effort to stay awake on the drive to the woods. While driving I look out my windows gazing upon the wilderness and the vast fields, realizing that at this very moment the birds and I are the only beings awake. Finally, after 30 minutes of driving I arrive to the spot I scouted all year. I turn off the truck, look at the clock and see 4:30 a. m. glowing in the twilight. Turkey hunting consists of more than just waking up and going out into the woods. A true hunter must learn the bird, their travel patterns, the appropriate calls, and most importantly, the nightly roost. Learning a turkey’s travel pattern truly challenges one’s patience. A hunter must scout all year; and that means getting up early. Turkeys are creatures of habit. One must understand the birds’ daily activity and know where the activity takes place for the remainder of the year. Learning the bird’s morning routine demands diligence. A sportsman must slowly walk along paths, wood lines, and fields looking and listening for turkey evidence: prints, dropped feathers, and clucks to discover exact trails and destinations. While maneuvering both quietly and covertly is essential, it is also a learned skill and requires persistence, perseverance and, most importantly, practice. Do not ask me how I know that any misplaced step or sound allows a turkey to spot the hunter, cluck and run. Calling a turkey is both methodical and strategic. A hunter must think like a turkey and actually put himself in the bird’s position. It is the old boy pursues girl syndrome. As a boy, I, too, am struck with this ailment. I tend to go in the direction of the girl I am ensuing. A boy turkey is not different. The trick is to call cleverly enough that the tom believes he is following the sounds of his female. I have been turkey hunting countless times in my life, and (just like the human boy/girl aspect) it gets trickier every year. I called in a bird this past year, but once he got approximately 60 yards away he just stopped gobbling and strutting; so, I stood up to see if he was coming. When I stood up, there he was (not 20 yards from me) just slowly and effortlessly making his way towards me. The moment he caught a glimpse of me, he was gone. (Hmmm Is it just me, or is there a recurring correlation between my turkey hunting and my relationships? I was confused and then realized he came in only because I was still there silently making calls, yet I stood up and scared him. Calling in a gobbler proves difficult most of the time; they will be what most turkey hunters call it â€Å"henned up† or just distracted by so many other female turkeys that they pay no any attention to the hunter or the calls. One of the more fun aspects of turkey hunting consists of roosting the birds because one can stand a great distance away and make one simple call to pinpoint their location. When roosting a turkey listening is essential and allows the birds’ whereabouts to be discovered. This is extremely important, as it allows the hunter to contemplate the appropriate strategy. Owl calls, crow calls, and plain old hen calls can work wonders when roosting a bird. They are turkeys -one of the biggest birds in the woods and want to be heard, so if they hear something trying to take their â€Å"thunder,† they will answer right back from miles away. .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a , .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .postImageUrl , .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a , .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a:hover , .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a:visited , .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a:active { border:0!important; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a:active , .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Martin Luther King Jr And Malcolm X EssayTurkey hunting proves difficult because the birds do not comply with the strategies and thoughts of the hunter. I have been turkey hunting for 11 years. Sometimes I go into the woods and â€Å"wing it,† yet other times I go with a plan. Like any other sport, the sportsman wins some and loses some. No one harvests a bird 100% of the time. Turkey hunting is an art, requiring finesse, slyness, and cunningness to be able to get near a bird. I will continue to turkey hunt for a very long time; I will not stop just because I did not get one the previous year. Ultimately, turkey hunting to me is more than a fun sport; it is addicting, time consuming, and most importantly challenging. Each day brings a new opportunity that mandates a specific skill set. Sometimes I conquer; sometimes I fail. But like everything else worth pursuing, each failure offers a chance for growth. Like the old saying goes, â€Å"Some people live and learn; others just live. † I like to think turkey hunting provides me a spot in the realm of â€Å"living and learning. †

How to Make Your Heart Sing With Your Stories

How to Make Your Heart Sing With Your StoriesWhen it comes to writing a high school or college essay, many students find it difficult to make their hearts sing with their stories. This is because of the fact that the topic seems too daunting for them. This article will give you some tips on how to make your heart beat fast. Follow the steps below and you will see that writing a high school or college essay has never been this easy.So, first you need to start off by knowing how to write a high school essay. You do not have to write an essay that is more than 500 words; in fact, you can start off by writing a 400-word essay. The key here is to just write the subject matter in a clear and simple manner. This will help you with the topic which you want to be in your high school or college essay.Next, if you want to follow the sample essay, then it is important that you look at the sample as you are writing your own essay. This means that you will need to use the sample as a guide so that you can keep it as a good example so that you can use. Of course, this is more for practice rather than a guide, but this is what you need to do anyway.If you look at the sample essay carefully, you will see that many things have been omitted from the sample. There are other things that the writer left out like class repetition and cliches. With this being said, you need to make sure that you put all the subjects that you want to include in your essay.To make sure that you do not forget any of these, you need to bring back your previous school experiences. This is another important part of your high school or college essay. Remember to include all of the things that you have had in your past since you have done your research about this topic.When it comes to writing a high school essay, the greatest thing you can do is to start off by writing about the people in your life that you know. Remember that you have to include the people that are close to you so that you can start making the love story between you and your loved one. Of course, this is not something that you can just come up with by just guessing.The key to writing a high school essay is to start off by using the same basics. Once you start writing your own essay, you will be surprised at how easy it is to write your own essay. So, this article is dedicated to giving you more tips on how to make your heart sing with your stories.

Euro Disney

Introduction Euro Disney chose variety of appealing themes to its parks and other business entities, the choice encompasses variety of tastes and interests. Disney market opportunity in Europe is considered ripe because of the vast population present, favorable per capita spending and long vacation periods.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Euro Disney specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The complex extension of Disney requires wise choice of markets within various European countries. Their movies represent symbol of American culture which are accepted worldwide without any discrimination (Price, 2000). Disney Corporation is planning to move its operations to other parts of the world because of its diverse services. For the company to compete favourably in these markets it has to come up with workable marketing strategies. The targeted market is in the far- east and Europe specifically Tokyo and Paris. Disney has a bu rning desire to serve as many cultures as possible all over the world. The Company’s unique sense of creativity and imagination can be well utilized to conform to the culture of both Asia and Europe communities (Burgoyne, 1995). Compare Disney’s Approach in the Japanese and French Markets Disney has been considered successful in Japan as far as international marketing is concerned. This is because it provides the real extension of services from America, the quality of guest service and imagination. It is a pure replica of the American Disney service delivery systems. However, the difference in culture makes it tricky for the penetration of Disney brand of entertainment into Japanese lifestyle. Also the per capita spending in Japan is a bit high since there is clear trend towards leisure and recreation. This is contrary to the French market where leisure is considered a lifestyle and vocational practice. The French market has received support from the well built and con nected infrastructure put in place by the French government and further boosted Disney by providing tax incentive. The government built new railway line for the purposes of helping Disney land transport tourists to the Park. Disney built a complex in France that was reflecting more of western American culture; this was contrary to the original idea which was meant to accommodate the preferences of visitors of European origin and certain French cultural requirements (Cateora Graham, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The approach Disney used in France was meant to target the visitors that had been to United States Disneyland who currently leaves in Europe. The design of the theme parks focused on attracting the visitors and create impression that could enable them desire to be back more often for the wonderful experiences. Disney did market research in France where they involved the vocal French intellectuals and government officials to assist in adopting Disney Park design to suite the cultural requirement. In France Euro Disney provide foods from around the world at its theme parks and hotels while in Japan they use American flavor in most of the occasions. The services rendered by Disney employees in Japan is quite different from that of Europe, this is because of the success in Japanese culture which focuses in obedience to management and teamwork. The level of efficiency achieved by Japanese staff is owed to their character of being polite and obedient. Quality of service and the way it is delivered to customers form the primary concern of Disney in Tokyo and also the teamwork spirit (Cateora Graham, 2006). Political stability in both countries is an important contributor to the stability of Disney investment since it helps in providing peaceful environment that favors business in the theme Parks. The stability makes mode of entry for Disney to be smooth lowering the chances of risk factors. Why the Euro Disney Marketing plan has not succeeded in France? The joint venture that Disney made with the French government proved to be good investment especially on the side of risk coverage. On the other hand it has made it very difficult for Disney during low seasons whenever visitors are less than the targeted number. It makes it very difficult to exit the market in case of subsequent losses. There is also the difficulty of incorporating the cultural diversity within the parks, there is the question on whether the American theme park can attract and please people of different ages and nationalities as it does within Tokyo (Mujtaba, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Euro Disney specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The service adaptation at the Disney parks within France has not so much reflected cultural requirements, French eating habits and park design. The management should have Disney’s investments protected through legal laws to ensure easy recovery in case of losses. The company did not do enough intensive quality control and thorough check up on products. The failure was also attributed to several factors some of which are failure to assign the right personnel for the right job at the start of the business. There was miscalculation done on the drinking characteristics of the French population. The start of operations in Europe was marked by services devoid of alcohol drinks since it was one of the Company’s working policies in America and Japan. This alone caused some negative attitude towards Disney in France, since the people believe in being served with alcohol after meals. There was also little understanding by the management on the French breakfast and food culture (Keegan, 2002). The trip to Paris had also been considered expensive due to changes in currency hence trip to Orlando was preferred by most gues ts. Critique of the CEO’s salvation plan The combination of American design with the European preference destroyed the American spirit and culture within the theme parks. Disney Corporation’s CEO should have first of all monitored at a close range the performance of other companies offering the same services in these areas. This is of advantage since it could give Disney the chance to evaluate and set its investment priorities right. It should first of all start by building a theme park to assess the market potential then include other projects like hotels later. Some governments regulate the number of films released in their market environment annually which is a big challenge to Disney’s animated films (Keegan, 2002). Disney Corporation’s CEO should also first of all test the market’s worth through the building of parks. This may help in determining the actual size and status of the market since it serves both local population and foreigners. It is easier to influence local community and foreigners to visit parks than hotels or buy animated films. In addition Disney should put strategies on how to attract through their services, the large number of tourists that visit these areas. The amount of money it costs to put up these projects should be calculated based on the level of risks involved (Keegan, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Euro Disney Today The implementation of teamwork and total quality system is not utilized in Euro Disney due to cultural differences. The attitude training undertaken by Disney University could not be successful in Europe, especially France, since the citizens are used to entertainment that is more intellectual in nature. This made it difficult to change to change the employees’ attitude on the concept of entertainment towards guest which is more oriented to pleasing guests (Burgoyne, 1995). Disney failed in Europe in the area of Human resource management because of their lack of awareness on culture differences and lack of familiarity with the French Laws and the traditional practices of the French citizens (Burgoyne, 1995). Disney used ethnocentrism marketing approach in Europe, there was no significant differences made in the kinds of Parks that were built in other countries. Hence, the absence of long-term strategies and factors that promote partnership presented a set-ba ck to the success of Euro Disney. They failed to recognize local employees’ efforts towards the success of Disney, which contributes to employees’ low self-esteem (Mujtaba, 2007a). The Euro Disney operations were started with no alcohol service at their parks. This extension worked well in other destinations like Japan, Florida and California but not in France. This is because alcohol is so much valued in France such that a glass of wine is mandatory for meals. This was later allowed and is now used in Euro Disneyland theme parks (Burgoyne, 1995). Euro Disney reveals the fact that cultural awareness is an important determinant on the extent to which business venture can succeed internationally. Tokyo and Hong Kong Disneyland Today Hong Kong Disneyland is still in its prime stages, currently still has only one park that requires only a day tour. Most of the attractions within Hong Kong Disney are replica of the original Disneyland in the USA, it experiences low number o f visitors compared to Tokyo parks and their services are a bit more modest compared to Tokyo’s. The city of Hong Kong offers unique destination for full culture exploitation though it still has few opportunities for variety of diversions. Hong Kong Disneyland requires improvement on its cultural impact in the process of delivering their services. Their films are considered of abuse to cultural integrity (Hofstede, 1980). There is the challenge of using meaningful scribbles to suit every local culture served, this seem a challenge especially when it comes to Chinese way of writing. The use of magic does not interest at all, majority of the cultures in the far-east. There is big target market for Disney in Hong Kong and China as well. The problem lies in long waiting lines and the issue of Chinese visitors not tolerating the kind of waste from snacks served in waiting queues. In the case of Shanghai, there are some elements that must be considered to generate an idea on how to plan and approach the market. The population in Hong Kong should be considered in order to determine the amount of space required to establish the operations. Majority of the young population within this area like products with cartoon pictures on them, this provides a good market base (Hofstede, 1980). The urban population is considered the wealthiest; however they should be grouped according to their financial ability. The criterion to be used to estimate the economic status of the market should be addressed. However, the city is reach in domestic tourism which provides Disney Corporation with a sure and available market. Tokyo Disneyland presents perfect example on cultural fit for Asian cultural needs. Tokyo Disney is regarded as having some sense of prestige to the Asian culture and also shows good example of societal status (Keegan, 2002). It creates a good feeling for the Asians finding association in American culture which is contrary to what Europeans crave for. Creation o f Tokyo Disney is based on original Disney Park themes in United States of America, the parks are characterized by unique attractions and it’s famous for hosting lavish events found in any Disney branches all over the world. The park is uniquely and expensively built characterized by Disney Sea which provides an exclusive concept of theme park, making it the most beautiful in the world. Conclusion Disney use socioeconomic factors to determine the right market segments to invest. The level of consumption for Disney products and services are controlled by the consumer’s level of income and the country’s economic development. This has made Europe one of the best alternative markets to United States since most of the products from US form part of the Global marketing strategy. The five week vacation in Europe forms a greater market base for Disney compared to period of only three weeks in United States. Euro Disney provides clear description on how failure can be re alized whenever the HR department fails to perform its duties. It also gives a number of practices that should be put into consideration for attaining the company’s strategic goals. References Burgoyne, L. (1995). Walt Disney Company’s Euro Disney Venture: A Study in Corporate Foreign Expansion. Hidden Mickeys. Web. Cateora, P.R., Graham, J.L., (2006). International Marketing. (13th Ed.). New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work  related values. Beverly Hills, CA: sage publishers. Keegan, W. (2002). Euro Disney Case (A). Global Marketing Management. 7th  Ed. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. Mujtaba, B. G. (2006). Cross Cultural Change Management.   Tamarac, Florida: Llumina Press. Mujtaba, B. G. (2007a). Cross Cultural Management and Negotiation Practices. ILEAD Academy Publications; Florida, United States. Price, A. (2000). Human Resource Practices at Disney, HRM Guide. We b. This essay on Euro Disney was written and submitted by user Kiara Fowler to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Instance Variables in Ruby

Instance Variables in Ruby Instance variables begin with an at sign () and can be referenced only within class methods. They differ from local variables in that they dont exist within any particular scope. Instead, a similar variable table is stored for each instance of a class. Instance variables live within a class instance, so as long as that instance stays alive, so will the instance variables. Instance variables can be referenced in any method of that class. All methods of a class use the same instance variable table, as opposed to local variables where each method will have a different variable table. It is possible to access instance variables without first defining them, however. This will not raise an exception, but the variables value will be nil and a warning will be issued if youve run Ruby with the -w switch. This example demonstrates the use of instance variables. Note that the shebang contains the -w switch, which will print warnings should they occur. Also, note the incorrect usage outside of a method in the class scope. This is incorrect and discussed below. #!/usr/bin/env ruby -wclass TestClass # Incorrect! test monkey def initialize value 1337 end def print_value # OK puts value end def uninitialized # Technically OK, generates warning puts monkey endendt TestClass.newt.print_valuet.uninitialized Why is the test variable incorrect? This has to do with scope and how Ruby implements things. Within a method, the instance variable scope refers to the particular instance of that class. However, in the class scope (inside the class, but outside of any methods), the scope is the class instance scope. Ruby implements the class hierarchy by instantiating Class objects, so there is a second instance at play here. The first instance is an instance of the Class class, and this is where test will go. The second instance is the instantiation of TestClass, and this is where value will go. This gets a bit confusing, but just remember to never use instance_variables outside of methods. If you need class-wide storage, use class_variables, which can be used anywhere in the class scope (inside or outside of methods) and will behave the same. Accessors You normally cannot access instance variables from outside of an object. For instance, in the above example, you cannot simply call t.value or t.value to access the instance variable value. This would break the rules of encapsulation. This also applies to instances of child classes, they cannot access instance variables belonging to the parent class even though theyre technically the same type. So, in order to provide access to instance variables, accessor methods must be declared. The following example demonstrates how accessor methods can be written. However, note that Ruby provides a shortcut and that this example only exists to show you how the accessor methods work. Its generally not common to see accessor methods written in this way unless some sort of additional logic is needed for the accessor. #!/usr/bin/env rubyclass Student def initialize(name,age) name, age name, age end # Name reader, assume name cant change def name name end # Age reader and writer def age age end def age(age) age age endendalice Student.new(Alice, 17)# Its Alices birthdayalice.age 1puts Happy birthday #{alice.name}, \youre now #{alice.age} years old! The shortcuts make things a bit easier and more compact. There are three of these helper methods. They must be run in the class scope (inside the class but outside of any methods), and will dynamically define methods much like the methods defined in the above example. Theres no magic going on here, and they look like language keywords, but they really are just dynamically defining methods. Also, these accessors typically go at the top of the class. That gives the reader an instant overview of which member variables will be available outside the class or to child classes. There are three of these accessor methods. They each take a list of symbols describing the instance variables to be accessed. attr_reader - Define reader methods, such as the name method in the above example.attr_writer - Define writer methods such as the age method in the above example.attr_accessor - Define both reader and writer methods. #!/usr/bin/env rubyclass Student attr_reader :name attr_accessor :age def initialize(name,age) name, age name, age endendalice Student.new(Alice, 17)# Its Alices birthdayalice.age 1puts Happy birthday #{alice.name}, \youre now #{alice.age} years old! When to use Instance Variables Now that you know what instance variables are, when do you use them? Instance variables should be used when they represent the state of the object. A students name and age, their grades, etc. They shouldnt be used for temporary storage, thats what local variables are for. However, they could possibly be used for temporary storage between method calls for multi-stage computations. However if youre doing this, you may want to rethink your method composition and make these variables into method parameters instead.