Police Reforms And Its Effects On The Police - 1799 Words

Executive summary Majority of minorities throughout the United States have a diminished trust in the police due to publicized police brutality cases, negative encounters with the police, and what they hear about the police from family and friends. Minorities believe that police excessively single them out because of their race or ethnicity. It is suggested that police officers have yet to develop the capabilities to engage with a diverse group of people, overcome their own biases and prejudices while policing, and gain the legitimacy of all communities. This lack of trust may inhibit the capability of the police to control crime, reduce police effectiveness, and therefore intensify the distrust minorities have of the police. Police†¦show more content†¦Different groups may have different perception of what good policing means based upon different concerns, interests and experience. For some groups police will be measured by its â€Å"efficacy†, ability to â€Å"protect and serve†, while for other groups it is about the â€Å"image† of police, the way it treats citizens and its commitment to equality (Worall, 1999). Studies of public confidence and trust in the police in established democracies find a gap between levels of trust among minorities and the majority population. A gap explained, among other things, by police discrimination, real or perceived, that sets them apart from the mainstream society (Wortley and Owusu-Bempah 2009) and can be framed as under- policing, the neglect of minority neighborhoods, and over-policing, an aggressive approach than singles out minorities (Ben-Porat, 2009). Over-policing implies mistreatment of minorities by the police, either by excessive use of force towards minorities or by discriminatory practices against them (Findlay, 2004:101). Racial profiling, the most common practice of over-policing, refers to the use of generalizations based on race, ethnicity, religion or national origin as the basis for suspicion in directing law enforcement actions that creates tensions and mistrust between the police and minorities (Closs, 2006; Smith, 2006; Wortley, 2003; Wortley and Tanner, 2003). Under-policing, conversely, is largely about police neglect of

An Objective Study Of Food And Nutrition Essay - 871 Words

BACKGROUND The objective study of food and nutrition has been extensively studied over the past 100 years, and nutritional science has made great leaps. One controversial and relevant topic within nutritional science, as well as food science in 2016 is the difference between organic and conventional food. While it has been documented that organic foods may have greater micronutrient content, the macronutrient and caloric value is generally the same between organic and conational food products. (1) That is to say that an organically grown apple without the use of antibiotics and pesticides, herbicides, etc. will be more dense in micronutrients than a convectional apple grown with the addition all of the above mentioned substances. However the macronutrient and caloric value for the two apples will be roughly the same. (1) Additionally, a meta analysis conducted by Samuel Bonti-Ankomah and Emanuel K Yiridoe showed that globally people prefer food that is locally grown as opposed to shipped in fro m other countries. (5) While it is easy to make the argument that organically grown produce and free range/pasture raised appropriately fed and treated animal products are superior for health and the environment, the subjective qualities of a meal prepared with organic versus convectional food has been very under studied. Indeed, many farmers, chefs, foodies, and food experts will make the claim that food raised and produced with more â€Å"care† lead to a better overall dining experience,Show MoreRelatedMaster Of Nutrition Science Program1540 Words   |  7 PagesMaster of Nutrition Science Program Program Faculty Kathy Prelack, Ph. D, Chair Professor in Nutrition Science Sai Das Professor in Nutrition Science Kelly Kane Professor in Nutrition Science Lynne M. Ausman Professor in Nutrition Science David Hastings Professor in Nutrition Science Sujata Dixit-Joshi Professor in Nutrition Science Marcy Goldsmith Professor in Nutrition Science Overview Nutrition program is a very important in the health in both social and health aspects of life. TheRead MoreNutrition Course. Overview. When One Does Masters Of Science1704 Words   |  7 PagesNutrition Course Overview When one does Masters of Science in Nutrition program as a candidate they are become more equipped in the field of nutrition both theatrically and practically. As a result, by the time someone who has been doing such a course is graduating, they usually have developed both intervention skills and programming capabilities which are in line with nutrition. Also, they are in a position to develop any program that is related to nutrition and implement the same. Such a programRead MoreThe Healthy People 2020 Objective Nutrition And Weight Status Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesThe Healthy People 2020 objective Nutrition and Weight Status has a goal of improving the diet of Americans, thus improving their overall health. â€Å"Diet quality is critically important to the prevention of many types of chronic disease† (Wilson et al, 2015, p. 302.) According to Healthy People 2020 (2014), â€Å"a healthful diet helps Americans reduce their risks for many health conditions, including: overweight and obesity, malnutrition, iron-deficiency anemia, heart disease, high blood pressure, dyslipidemiaRead MoreThe Importance of Developing Nutrition Programs for University Students in Halifax1665 Words   |  7 Pagesmethod to find the associations among fast food consumption, body weight and nutrition education level. Aim of this research is to understand determinants that contribute to this education situation in Halifax. Furthermore, result of this paper may provide the direction of public health promotion. Literature Review In recent years, studies have focused on factors which may influence fast food consumption and weight gain among young adults. A great number of studies have focused on the social factors andRead MoreThe Nutrition Improvement Of Childhood Obesity And China, Calls For Quick And Effective Interventions Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pageslimiting the availability of the obesogenic foods, raising the taxes of the fast foods, and increasing awareness in children should be considered as possible options. Other articles like Zhang et al. (2015) explained that interventions should focus on taking measures to improve dietary patterns in children’s lives. The Chinese government has decided to take action and started by changing policies and creating programs that can tackle this disease. In the Nutrition Improvement Work manager approach approvedRead MoreNutrition : An Important Element Of A Healthy Population1341 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Nutrition has a direct impact on the level of economic development in an economy. Food policies are directly related to the level of economic performance. Substantial literature indicates that nutrition directly affects the level of population health in the economy. A healthy population is more economically productive compared to a starving population. Nutritional value directs affect significantly the level of economic development in a nation. This study will mainly focus on theRead MoreA Study On Nutritional Status Of Rural Adolescent Girls1544 Words   |  7 PagesA Study on Nutritional Status of Rural Adolescent Girls of Mangrop, Bhilwara District Nutritional status of Adolescent girls Vishakha Sharma1 and Vishakha Singh2 Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Home Science, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture Technology, Udaipur 313001 Rajasthan (India) E-mail- sharmavishakha19@gmail.com, vishakhasingh@yahoo.com KEYWORDS Body mass index, Dietary intake, Food Groups, Malnutrition, Nutrient Intake. ABSTRACT The present study was conducted withRead MoreThe Popularity Of Healthy Food And Poor Nutrition777 Words   |  4 Pagesso does poorer nutrition in the consumer. â€Å"Over thirty-five percent of adults and almost seventeen percent of children and adolescents are obese in the United States alone.† (Pomeranz, 2013) With the increasing importance placed on healthy living and nutrition in America it raises the question, Why do so many people face diseases related to poor nutrition? Several factors are thought to be attributes to the correlation of the consumer’s perception of healthy food and poor nutrition. The most significantRead MoreEvaluating The Strategic Factors And Approaches Of Nestle Company1429 Words   |  6 PagesNestle Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate Nestle Company industry based on the case study and comprehend how the company develops strategic intent for their business organizations following the strategic factors and approaches. I will analyze the strategic management process as firm used to achieve strategic competitiveness. In order to strengthen this assignment about Nestle, there are several methods of gathering data has been conducted, such as Core Competencies analysisRead MoreImplementing A Nutrition Education Component On The Double Up Food Bucks Program At The Oakland County Farmer Market913 Words   |  4 PagesProject design: This project seeks to implement a nutrition education component in the Double Up Food Bucks program at the Oakland County Farmer Market The first step in achieving the goal of increasing the purchase and consumption of SNAP beneficiaries in Oakland County is to increase the participation rates of the DUBF program. A good way to accomplish this is through promotion. Promoting the the DUFB program and what is has to offer will increase awareness and educate participants of the benefits

Crafting an Innovative Culture and Organisation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2290 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? It is vital for a business to be innovative especially in this modern era where the market is highly competitive all over the globe. Crafting an innovative culture and organization has become one of the challenging issues that 21st century managers will have to face and tackle it. To be innovative is to introduce new ideas successfully whereas culture carries the meaning of certain ways of life like beliefs, values and behaviors that are shared among a particular social group (Jennex, 2008, p. 107). Innovate or die. It is this serious for organisations if they are lack of innovation as it is seen as the engine of an organisation for growth (Bryant, 2007). Innovation is the key to success and survival for a corporate. Successful leaders and companies recognize innovation as a force that drives growth. Furthermore, innovation is achieved by sharing a continuously intense growth attitude, passion for solving problem and also turning thoughts into realities. Being innovative will only lead to more growth as new markets, services and products are introduced and re-invent. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Crafting an Innovative Culture and Organisation" essay for you Create order This depends solely on an organization’s capability to recognize market opportunities, its internal abilities to respond to situation innovatively and also its knowledge base (Kotelnikov, n. d. ). The characteristics of a typical innovative organisation are that the company’s management tolerates failure when individuals take on risks to be innovative. Next, bureaucratic policies are kept at a minimum level in order to keep the job description easily comprehensible and allow flexibility for the employees to have an opportunity to improvise it. An innovative organisation also does not analyse risk continuously whereas it measures both potential benefit and risks involved before making any decisions. There are also two groupings of employees in an organisation where the first would be the one who are applying others’ ideas and the other type would be the risk-taker. However, these groupings are still given equal rewards for their dedication, loyalty and willingness to take risks. Besides that, the management is open to ideas from any employee as it realises the importance of it that can actually bring success and longevity to the organisation. Furthermore, the organisation encourages suggestion for improvement and would appreciate and pay attention to ideas regardless of their sources. Subsequently, informal communication is strongly encouraged even if individuals are from different department background and also interpersonal skills. The reason for this is it can build trust and loyalty towards the organisation as a whole (Mintzer, 2004). It is necessary to study the characteristics of an innovative organisation and how it functions in order to create one. Innovation is a mindset where it is influenced by a person’s thoughts and acts. Therefore, having the right corporate culture can aid in crafting a successful innovative organisation. There are many organisations have attempted to implement systems to create an innovative culture but this is only a way to commence the process. In order to craft an innovative culture, top managers in the corporate will have to first be aware of their own actions, words, and decisions in detail as it can inspire the others to innovate actively (Bryant, 2007). There are two methods to change a culture in a corporate; the engineering approach and mindful approach. The engineering approach has three levels that are relatively easy to put in practice to shape the right culture. Firstly, it is the slogan level where the purpose is to create a culture. Although in reality, the company’s slogan does not always match with the management in it, slogan can still serve as a starting point. Second, the incubation level can assist the process of creating an innovative culture by developing groups or appointing someone that is responsible for innovation. Next is the compliance level which refers to implementing systems to encourage creativity. For example, the suggestion schemes, reward and recognition schemes are systems that can promote creativity and may even change a corporate culture. Undeniably, the engineering approach is a good start but it is very limited and is not sufficient to form an innovative culture, hence this is where the mindful approach comes in place. This approach is based on employees observing and taking signals from top-level leaders meaning that every action is vital. In order to achieve this approach, managers will have to change behaviors and habits that are often unconscious and traditional values. There are also three levels for this approach. First of all, the attention level describes that top-level managers have to give more attention to actions and employees to encourage innovation. Managers should be open to ideas and broaden their view where it focuses on creativity, knowledge, and context rather than risk, status and content. The next level is disruption level. This states that although conformity is needed at an essential level for corporate to function smoothly, disruption should not be suppressed as this will hinder innovation. Therefore, the senior managers must possess a skill that juggles the tension of these two identities for creativity to happen. They should also lead others to get out of the comfort zone and show direction to truly change the culture of the corporate. Lastly, the interaction level would be the most difficult to attain as it require the leaders to be constantly aware of himself, the way of interaction with others. This is due to the fact that leaders can convey distinct information through voice tone and body language in just a split second. For example, leaders inspiring fear or challenge and pessimism or optimism can be very critical as this usually happens unconsciously (Bryant, 2007). For innovation to sustain, imitating best practices of other’s in a robotic manner is not the way. The true catalysing agent for continuous flow of innovation actually comes from culture. The same issues are always discuss in books about innovation but all those cannot be apply without the presence of the basic element, that is the culture created deliberately for innovation. Companies are actually living organisms, not machines. We keep bringing in mechanics, when what we need are gardeners. claimed Peter Senge. This statement is contradicting with the classical perspective where it states that to make organisation into an efficient operating machine. The metaphor of â€Å"creating a garden† closely illustrates what an organisation should do. Creating a culture is not an easy task because most of the corporate have uncult ivated ground and need clearing. Gardening requires constant hard work and systematic effort to get a yield. On the other hand, for an organisation to create the culture for innovation involves plenty of time to carry out each step methodically just like the gardeners (Ditkoff, 2010). First of all, the gardener of innovation must desire for results. The final product of employees is what that motivates the gardener. He must be committed in order to harvest the result, whetting the appetite of the workforce as well as awaken them to feel the urge to move in the same direction. Secondly is to stake and prepare a ground for innovation where a corporate focuses in fields that it wants and start the preparation for planting. This involves removing obstacles to create a strong foundation. After that is to find diverse seeds, meaning ideas to increase the chances of having an interesting yield. Next is to plant the seeds in a more effective way so that it will have the opportunity to grow into seedlings. The following step is to fence the garden, meaning building a territory to protect it from naysayers and external environment. Conceiving a garden denotes conceiving new ideas is easy than to transform ideas into life. Majority of the company’s are not aware of the process for developing the growth of new ideas and had caused many new ideas turned down. Besides that, inexperienced gardeners are often influenced by their drive for large harvest that leads them to plant more seeds making it too crowded within the same space of ground. This has created a converse result where the plants are stunted due to the fact that the plants compete for limited resources for growth. This goes the same for the gardeners of innovation where if too many ideas exist at the same time, it will only lead to great competition for the limited resources and the ideas will also be stunted. Therefore, organisation will have to select the most appropriate ideas and create a favorable environment. Last but not least is to celebrate the harvest. There are cultures having ritual or ceremony to show appreciation of harvest and organisation should also do the same by acknowledging employees’ hard work. This can even motivate the whole workforce and create a culture of innovation that can sustain. Hence, culture should be cultivated and not to be managed (Ditkoff, 2010). A real-life example of an innovative organisation would be the Honda Motor, a deeply innovative company culture that ranks second in the list of most admired companies in the motor vehicles industries after BMW (CNNmoney, 2010 [b]). The Honda Motor is worth to be admired as being innovative is one of its priorities. Honda had created many innovative products like the robot that connects to the brain that analyses thoughts pattern and transmit them s wireless command for Asimo, the human-shaped robot (Kageyama, 2009). Besides that, it also has created innovative leading cars like the hybrid car that won Toyota Prius by a month, the full-size SUV Honda and an upcoming hydrogen fuel cell hybrid car that is fuel-efficient (Morgan, n. d. ). Soichiro Honda, the founder of Honda motor once said â€Å"do not imitate† that had reflected in the hearts of Honda’s employees and now they are persistently challenging themselves to keep being innovative (Honda, 2010). Honda Motor had excellence performance where the revenue had increased nearly 40% from the year 2002 to 2008. Honda could achieve excellence is due to its willingness of letting their engineers experiment and explore. Furthermore, it also produces affordable innovative products that the society wants. Honda is the opposite of Toyota where Toyota tend to be more bureaucratic whereas Honda is towards entrepreneurial, sometimes may even be quirky. Honda’s organisation structure is relatively flat that had made job advancement rather limited and does not pay their employees as much as the competitors do. Nevertheless, their satisfaction and loyalty towards the company had made the company to be a success. Takeo Fukui who holds the current position of president and CEO confessed that he only meets with the research and development’s management once or twice a year so that engineers can work freely (Taylor, 2008). Honda’s philosophy has created the innovative culture today as it was stated to have respect for individuals. Everyone is given an opportunity and honors their contributions. Respecting others means by giving equal treatment regardless of background, to give freedom for initiative to take place and build mutual trust relationship among associates. Honda has 5 management policies that are aimed to encourage innovation. It is to stay ambition and youthfulness which means having a dream that can give them the positive energy to constantly motivate them and to always be open-minded with new ideas. Next is to have the flexibility to accept new ideas and to use the time efficiently. Furthermore, enjoy and lighten the working atmosphere and achieving harmonious flow of work are also their management policies. Lastly, it is to be mindful of the value of research and strive is its management policies (University of Milan, n. d. ). The culture in Honda encourages innovation and the leadership also wants it. Besides that, Honda’s official website even has a section that dedicates to their focus on innovation and results of it. Honda has this innovative culture deeply rooted in its organisation ever since it commenced. Honda also demonstrates an example of cultivating its culture since it is established. It desires for result, creates an environment that encourages their employees to innovate freely, take risks, prepares platform for the engineers to strive, selects appropriate ideas, uses the time efficiently and acknowledges their contribution. To create an innovative culture and organisation, the corporate will have to first overcome certain issues like lacked of shared vision, short-term thinking, reluctant to acknowledge and learning from the past mistakes, risk aversion and many more (Ideachampions, 2010). In order to change an organisation into an innovative one, the culture of it will have to be transformed first. An innovative culture of an organisation should be cultivated and not to be managed in order to be successful and sustainable. REFERENCES Bryant, B. (2007) Shaping an Innovative Culture: Are Your Actions Shaping or Breaking Innovation?. ttp://www. imd. ch/research/challenges/TC067-07. cfm [accessed 10 May 2010]. CNNmoney (2010 [a]) World’s Most Admired Companies 2010: Apples Snapshot. https://money. cnn. com/magazines/fortune/mostadmired/2010/snapshots/670. html [accessed 10 May 2010]. CNNmoney (2010 [b]) World’s Most Admired Companies 2010: Industries – Motor Vehicles. https://money. cn n. com/magazines/fortune/mostadmired/2010/industries/39. html [accessed 10 May 2010]. Ditkoff, M. (2010) Create a Garden Of Innovation!. https://www. ideachampions. com/weblogs/archives/2010/01/post. shtml [accessed 19 April 2010]. Honda (2010) Honda: Innovation. https://corporate. honda. com/innovation/ [accessed 10 May 2010]. Kageyama, Y. (2009) Honda connects brain with robotics. https://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/29972476 [accessed 14 May 2010]. Jennex, M. E. (2008) Current Issues In Knowledge Management, Information Science Reference, New York. Kotelnikov, V. (n. d. ) Key Features of an Innovation-Friendly Organization. https://www. 1000advices. com/guru/innovation_organization_vk. html [accessed 19 April 2010]. Mintzer, B. (2004) Newsletter by Barbara Mintzer: Characteristics of an Innovative Organization. ttp://www. barbaramintzer. com/newsletters/july2004. html [accessed 18 April 2010]. Morgan,H. (n. d. ) History of Honda Cars. https://www. ehow. com/about_5332242_history-honda-cars. html [accessed 14 May 2010]. Taylor, A. (2008) Inside Honda’s Brain. https://money. cnn. com/2008/03/03/news/companies/taylor_honda. fortune/index. htm? postversion=2008030705 [accessed 9 May 2010]. University of Milan (n. d. ) Corporate culture and global competition: The Honda philosophy. https://wwwold. unimib. it/symphonya/artfurlaningl. pdf [accessed 10 May 2010].

Classification of Computers - 1029 Words

Classifications of Computers According to the U.S. Census Forty-four million households, or 42 percent, had at least one member who used the Internet at home in 2000 (Home Computers 2). Today, no doubt, even more family members in the United States use computers. Most people are aware of the desktop computers which can be found in the home and in the workplace. What are the different types of computers and what are their purposes? Computers can be classified into three different categories of home computers, portable computers, and business computers including workstations and super computers. First, what is a computer? While the term computer can apply to virtually any device that has a microprocessor in it, most people think of†¦show more content†¦The fact that it is a portable computer designed to use anywhere makes the laptop a favorite of many people. The next classification of computers is called the office computers such as workstations or supercomputers. What is the difference between a workst ation and desktop computers? A desktop computer that has a more powerful processor, additional memory and enhanced capabilities for performing a special group of task, such as 3D Graphics or game development (What are the Different p. 6). Another computer under this classification is the server or networks. A computer that has been optimized to provide services to other computers over a network. Servers usually have powerful processors, lots of memory and large hard drives (What are the Differences p. 7). Networks combine several computers in an office or building space. Also, under the classification of business computer is the supercomputer. This type of computer is more expensive than any of the others with it often costing millions of dollars. Although some supercomputers are single computer systems, most are comprised of multiple high performance computers working in parallel as a single system (What are the differences 10). Supercomputers usually are used to predict weather, handle bank accounts, or insurance details. Three classifications of computers are home computers, portable computers, and business computers. The desktop computer is usually found in homes or small offices. 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Marxism as an Alternative theory Free Essays

string(132) " social structure in terms of non-owning workers and non-working owners that was the root cause of every social and political evil\." The contrasting social divide of 19th century Europe was one of the principle-instigating factor that inspired Karl Marx and Frederick Engels to come with Communist Manifesto in 1848. It called upon the working classes to declare war upon the bourgeoisie. In the opinion of Marx, capitalism with its inherent tendency to favor property accumulation, market system and wage labor system had always worked in promoting the clout and wealth of aristocracy while working to weaken the peasants class and sending them to the levels of subservience and just subsistence (Freedman, 1990, 1). We will write a custom essay sample on Marxism as an Alternative theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The philosophy was a major intellectual achievement of Marxism as it described the ills and problems affecting the society not in terms of faulty ideology and philosophy but in the   terms of economic forces of capitalist development (Aune, 1994, 17). As Freedman (1990, 2) states, Marx viewed the major conflicts and events of world not as consequences of ethnic, lingual or religious factors but purely through economic perspectives. He argued that capitalism and its resultant class system have been the main instrumental factors in creating the present structure of human society and behavior.   Marxism attempts to correlate the entire progress and evolution of human civilization with Marx’s staunch view that economic factors have determined the history of humanity. It attempts to understand the origin, functioning and structure of all the social institutions on economic models and assumes that once this knowledge is gained, it can be employed to recreate the social order that is beneficial for every member of society, while eliminating the ills of poverty, inequality and class distinctions (ibid). Marxism also views state (government) as an instrument of the ruling class that works to protect the interests of the economically prosperous segments at the cost of the working population (Freedman, 1990, 2). The premises of this argument lies in the fact that typically every state is influenced heavily by the rich and wealthy section of society and as such its policies are inherently oriented towards safeguarding these affluent sections. The working-lower class is just treated as a tool to further the riches of this affluent section, while providing them with bare facilities that are hardly sufficient to maintain their existence. School and churches are also viewed as extending arms of the same system that continuously works to maintain, and in fact, promote the social divide. Thus nation and state are essentially nothing but exploiters of working population. As a consequence, terms like patriotism and nationalism hold no meaning to the oppressed working society, which is made to work not the for the benefit of the nation but for the few and selected elite group of people that in their limited numbers represent an entire nation. A careful study of Marxism reveals following three major elements that define the structure of the world of Marx (Heilbroner, 1980, 21). Materialist approach to History: The historical analysis of activities of people’s activities that creates conditions of subsequent class emergence and struggle of present times. General view of capitalism: Capitalism, and the economic forces that are the root of entire social divide Commitment to socialism: It envisions a future where every man is able to create a just world through his own efforts and commitment. Marxism, in its zealous criticism of the capitalist system, pronounced the immanent end through of capitalistic society through t its own contradictions and an eventual sweep over of the world by socialist forces. However capitalism has survived and contrary to Marx’s vision, it has become mainstay of democratic and developed world, whereas Marxism holds it appeal for the poor and oppressed classes in underdeveloped countries (Freedman, 1990, 2) Mainstream Political theories The mainstream political theories have evolved from Machiavellian concepts to one that is focused on a welfare state that is founded around the concepts of participative democracy and social justice (Young, 1998, 479). As listed by Young (ibid) the mainstream political theories, developed consciously over last 25 years, although with inputs spanning over past hundred and fifty years, are Social justice and welfare rights theory: Unlike Marxist theory of handing over the reins of government to workers, the social justice and welfare rights theory attempts to strike a cord of balance among different economic classes with their commitment to social equality and economic justice. One of major themes running through this theory is egalitarian distribution of resources to people who have been deprived of them, it doesn’t attempts forced equality among all classes of society.   Democratic theory: Also labeled as participative democratic theory, it lays emphasis on a concept of democracy that proceeds through age long ideals of democracy that proceed through active discussion, participation and decision making by citizen, against the emerging plebiscite and inter-group pluralist concepts of the democratic mode (Pateman, 1970). The theory aims to achieve the goal of social equality through democratic participation that both helps as well as promotes social equality. The thrust of the theory is that a democracy that only provides voting rights to people for representatives who rule them remotely lacks the element of a real democracy. Instead the democratic set up should be made to incorporate citizen’s participation at every stage of the governance and decision making process. This in turns demands providing all the citizens with sufficient levels of education and economic and social uplifting whereby they are able to appreciate and exercise their d emocratic rights. Feminist political theory: It is a major emergent trend in the mainstream political theories, and one that brings in the question of female participation, as a separate entity, in the working of democracy. It helps in to integrate the elements of family relations, sexual biases, and gendered related discrimination in the political question. Marxism as an alternative theory As noted above, the essential philosophy Marxism lies in defining all the historical and social events in terms of manipulation of resources by capitalist forces that worked in depriving a majority of population from basic means of living. Marxist approach viewed social structure in terms of non-owning workers and non-working owners that was the root cause of every social and political evil. You read "Marxism as an Alternative theory" in category "Essay examples" Marx defined all the events in form of ‘class struggle’ and placed supreme faith in human will (Freedman, 1990, 6). Marxism views human beings capable of molding their own destinies, creating their own world, and change the entire structure of a oppressive society to one where every one holds same dignity and right to a provisioned life. However its more than hundred years to Marx’s momentous work Das Capital that predicted downfall of bourgeois and capitalist system, an event which completely failed to materialize (Wolfe, 1985, 317). It points out to some considerable short sighting or inappropriate reading by Marx of the nature of interaction of social and economic forces. Marx, in predicting the immanent downfall of the existing capitalist system through popular revolution and protests by bourgeoisie, had given a sweeping and generalizing theory that was supposed to take into every possible factor and consequence of historical, social and human events. The theories of Ricardo, Hegel and Smith that Marx used to develop his own general explanation of all events were relatively semi –developed and in the transitory phase (Freedman, 1990, 126) and as could provide a very weak base to the daring presumptions and foresights that Marxism professed boldly. The theory failed to take into account the results of people’s will to act outside the boundaries that it imposed. It was, in a sense then, technically incapable to address issues emanating from this scenario, a flaw that later on emerged as a major shortcoming of the entire Marxist model. Marxism always stands in direct contrast to critical theory that was developed by Max Horkheimer in 1937 (Therborn, 1996). It was mean to be a critique of the theory of political economy and provide replacement of materialism embedded in the Marxist approach (ibid). Critical theory rejected the principles of division of labor and believes in social advances through meaningful and coordinated interaction among various classes, as against the Marxist approach of inherent and inevitable class struggle that has shaped up history Historical Materialism In the Marxist philosophical approach, history is a study in the development and evolution of the capitalist system. In the opinion of Marx the consciousness of a man is the product of his social being which defines the legal and political superstructures (Heilbroner, 1980, 62). The materialism of Marxism differed sharply from idealism contained in the other approaches that saw history as product of different beliefs and approaches. Marx clearly stated that history is the product of labor, efforts and determination of countless men and women who worked to improve their material conditions in a material environment. Primarily what it signifies is that entire history of world is composed of forces of economics and compulsions of existence through limited resources. The thought processes and ideas that have been assumed to shape history, in Marxist ideology, were themselves product of the materialistic conditions (Heilbroner, 1980, 63). Marxism further takes the concept of materialism and intertwines it with class structure to lay the foundation of theory of class struggle that is presented as a direct consequence of material forces in operation. Although the historical materialistic view point of Marxist philosophy had been validated in defining some of the major events of history, however its broad generalization of economic activities has brought it under criticism from many theorists. Whereas Marxist ideology attempts to focus not primarily but only on economic factors, it has been perceived that even economic factors themselves are affected by social, political and religious factors (Heilbroner, 1980, 64). Marxism in context of USA As a political and social theory Marxism has traditionally failed materialize in the USA. This is because the socialist theory of Marxism conflicts with the principles and ideals of democracy. Although it is true that true socialism as envisioned by Marx was never practiced anywhere, but the fact remains that within the scope of political models of Marxism there are ample opportunities for a political system to become authoritarian, culminating in kind of dictatorship that was hallmark of socialist USSR government (Geras, 1994). This is to say, the socialist structure proposed by Marxism is seriously vulnerable to deformation by individuals with such designs. However, within the framework of classical Marxism also democratic ideas have not found much support. Essentially Marxism advocates liberation and rule of workers, which has to occur independent of any form of government (ibid). Therefore it is indeed successful in outlining the process of social and political change but falters on the final form of governance that opens the doors for ambiguity, deformation and misinterpretation. This severely limits the democratic angle of Marxism. Further, with its sole emphasis on workers right and class struggle between proletariat and the bourgeois, Marxist ideology aims to create a society that lacks economic incentives to evolve and move ahead. In its aim to bring marginalized sections of society in the center, the model threatens to create a new section of marginalized. These inherent ideological differences with free, democratic and progressive ideals that USA has cherished since its independence define the incongruity of Marxism in the USA’s political, social and economic atmosphere. Reference Aune JA ,1994,   Rhetoric and Marxis, Westview Press, Boulder, CO Freedman, R, 1990, The Marxist System: Economic, Political, and Social Perspectives.Chatham House Publishers, Chatham, NJ. Heilbroner, RL, 1980,   Marxism, for and Against,W. W. Norton. New York. Young, IM,   1998, A New Handbook of Political Science. Edit, Robert E. Goodin – editor, Hans-Dieter Klingeman, Oxford University Press. Oxford. Geras, N. 1994. Democracy and the Ends of Marxism. New Left Review Volume: a. Issue: 203. PATEMAN, C. 1970. Participation and Democratic Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Wolfe, BD,1985,   Marxism, One Hundred Years in the Life of a Doctrine. Westview Boulder, CO. Therborn, G, Dialectics of Modernity, 1996, On Critical Theory and the Legacy of Twentieth-Century Marxism, New Left Review. Volume: a. Issue: 215. How to cite Marxism as an Alternative theory, Essay examples

What Is the Most Defining Moment free essay sample

What Is the Most Defining Moment That Impacted Your Decision to Become a Nurse What is the most defining moment that impacted your decision to become a nurse? As many of my peers might agree the decision process to pursue a nursing education was more of a Journey than one bite spark of a single moment in time. Looking reflectively through this magnifying glass of time, I see many points of lights that lent clarity too my decision cuttings stone moment.I use these words with purpose in hat I personally experience a redefining process most easily related to a tool used to sharpen dull blades. The fire that is yield during the process creates a magnificent precise piercing instrument, from that which was once too easily discharged. I have struggle with low self-esteem issue for the most of my 44 years of life. I share this not for any plea of attention but as simple explanation to my lack of desire to attend a very demanding educational process that will require me to be very sure of my actions and judgment calls. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Most Defining Moment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Up-until this period in my life, it was easy to follow than to learn to take charge. The role seems ill fitted for me, funny how life changes us. I have never before consider myself lacking In understanding or ability, I have always enjoyed a great sense of pride In the level of care I provide for my patients and the love and income I provided for my children. I have worked in healthcare since 1989 in one position or another as an aide. I found I could make okay income with overtime paid and could work the hours I desired by being Just a hard worker. This allowed me to raise my small children with my mothers help. Being her only child my mother was well okay with this as long as I did all that I could to pull my weight as the saying 1 OFF at home, with service form home healthcare nurses and doctors. The time scattering moment was when I was faced with my lack of knowledge of my mother disease process fuel maybe by guilt or Just simply inability to effect any change for her. She was my strength in so many ways. Here in that moment I stood lacking.I am not owlish enough to believe my actions now can effect a change for how I view that life event; however my security blanket has been pulled off forever. I without question understand healthcare better than I know any other work experience and more over I truly have always enjoyed providing good and competent care for others. Its Just now I need to continue with a better knowledge base, so I can be really effective. I understand that there is only so much that truly can be done but I prefer to know that my actions are correct as they can be.Acts of kindness are what easy a person in times of major health issues, however acts of kindness are Just that. As a CAN I am lacking the ability make any real effect for my patients dealing with different disease processes and I am in full understanding of my current scope of practice. I really now need and want more than acts of kindness for myself as well as my future patients. I have worked healthcare for so long it become a part of my life, more like extend family I will enjoy the ability to provide better for all parts of my family.

A Day in the Woods Turkey Hunting Essay Example For Students

A Day in the Woods Turkey Hunting Essay Beep! Beep! Beep! The alarm loudly jolts me out of my dreams and I knock the repeating racket off the nightstand. Rubbing my eyes, still heavy from slumber, the trek outside and to put on my camouflage gear begins when I remind myself, â€Å"Don’t forget the turkey vest. † After gathering the necessary shells, guns, and calls, I start the truck, close the door, and plug in my phone in an effort to stay awake on the drive to the woods. While driving I look out my windows gazing upon the wilderness and the vast fields, realizing that at this very moment the birds and I are the only beings awake. Finally, after 30 minutes of driving I arrive to the spot I scouted all year. I turn off the truck, look at the clock and see 4:30 a. m. glowing in the twilight. Turkey hunting consists of more than just waking up and going out into the woods. A true hunter must learn the bird, their travel patterns, the appropriate calls, and most importantly, the nightly roost. Learning a turkey’s travel pattern truly challenges one’s patience. A hunter must scout all year; and that means getting up early. Turkeys are creatures of habit. One must understand the birds’ daily activity and know where the activity takes place for the remainder of the year. Learning the bird’s morning routine demands diligence. A sportsman must slowly walk along paths, wood lines, and fields looking and listening for turkey evidence: prints, dropped feathers, and clucks to discover exact trails and destinations. While maneuvering both quietly and covertly is essential, it is also a learned skill and requires persistence, perseverance and, most importantly, practice. Do not ask me how I know that any misplaced step or sound allows a turkey to spot the hunter, cluck and run. Calling a turkey is both methodical and strategic. A hunter must think like a turkey and actually put himself in the bird’s position. It is the old boy pursues girl syndrome. As a boy, I, too, am struck with this ailment. I tend to go in the direction of the girl I am ensuing. A boy turkey is not different. The trick is to call cleverly enough that the tom believes he is following the sounds of his female. I have been turkey hunting countless times in my life, and (just like the human boy/girl aspect) it gets trickier every year. I called in a bird this past year, but once he got approximately 60 yards away he just stopped gobbling and strutting; so, I stood up to see if he was coming. When I stood up, there he was (not 20 yards from me) just slowly and effortlessly making his way towards me. The moment he caught a glimpse of me, he was gone. (Hmmm Is it just me, or is there a recurring correlation between my turkey hunting and my relationships? I was confused and then realized he came in only because I was still there silently making calls, yet I stood up and scared him. Calling in a gobbler proves difficult most of the time; they will be what most turkey hunters call it â€Å"henned up† or just distracted by so many other female turkeys that they pay no any attention to the hunter or the calls. One of the more fun aspects of turkey hunting consists of roosting the birds because one can stand a great distance away and make one simple call to pinpoint their location. When roosting a turkey listening is essential and allows the birds’ whereabouts to be discovered. This is extremely important, as it allows the hunter to contemplate the appropriate strategy. Owl calls, crow calls, and plain old hen calls can work wonders when roosting a bird. They are turkeys -one of the biggest birds in the woods and want to be heard, so if they hear something trying to take their â€Å"thunder,† they will answer right back from miles away. .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a , .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .postImageUrl , .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a , .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a:hover , .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a:visited , .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a:active { border:0!important; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a:active , .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc1989a65020466366912e14d9964e39a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Martin Luther King Jr And Malcolm X EssayTurkey hunting proves difficult because the birds do not comply with the strategies and thoughts of the hunter. I have been turkey hunting for 11 years. Sometimes I go into the woods and â€Å"wing it,† yet other times I go with a plan. Like any other sport, the sportsman wins some and loses some. No one harvests a bird 100% of the time. Turkey hunting is an art, requiring finesse, slyness, and cunningness to be able to get near a bird. I will continue to turkey hunt for a very long time; I will not stop just because I did not get one the previous year. Ultimately, turkey hunting to me is more than a fun sport; it is addicting, time consuming, and most importantly challenging. Each day brings a new opportunity that mandates a specific skill set. Sometimes I conquer; sometimes I fail. But like everything else worth pursuing, each failure offers a chance for growth. Like the old saying goes, â€Å"Some people live and learn; others just live. † I like to think turkey hunting provides me a spot in the realm of â€Å"living and learning. †